KABUL, Afghanistan—A suicide car bomb outside the Indian Embassy killed 41 people and wounded nearly 150 others Monday, ripping through the building’s gates and scattering bodies and pools of blood across some of Kabul’s most protected streets.

As in other recent high-profile attacks, Afghanistan quickly blamed Pakistan, India’s archrival, for the blast, which was the deadliest in Kabul since the fall of the Taliban in 2001.

The bomber followed a diplomat’s vehicle and detonated the explosives at the embassy gates, only 30 yards from where dozens of Afghans line up to apply for visas. Women and children browsing nearby shops were among the victims who lay on the ground, bloodied and in agony, crying for help. Debris covered the pavement, including sandals, a wrecked bicycle and heaps of twisted metal.

The embassy is on a busy, tree-lined street near Afghanistan’s Interior Ministry that is protected on both ends by police, though the checkpoints are easily driven past. The 8:30 a.m. explosion rattled much of Kabul and kicked up gray dust that shrouded the bodies of the dead and enveloped the survivors — a monochromatic coating broken only by the crimson blood of the wounded. The blast blew clothing off many victims.

President Hamid Karzai condemned the bombing and said it was carried out by militants trying to rupture the Afghan-India friendship. He told the Indian prime minister during a phone conversation that Afghanistan would do all it could do identify the attackers.

The Afghan Interior Ministry hinted that the attack was carried out with help from Pakistan’s intelligence service, saying the blast happened “in coordination and consultation with some of the active intelligence circles in the region.”

A spokesman for Pakistan’s Foreign Ministry declined to comment on the bombing. The Pakistani foreign minister said his country condemned the attack and all forms of terrorism.

The bombing showed that Afghanistan is also a theater for the struggle between longtime rivals India and Pakistan.

“These attacks seem designed to sabotage any improvement of relations between Pakistan and either of its two neighbors, India and Afghanistan, to assure that Pakistan has no alternative but to continue to support militant organizations as part of its foreign policy,” said Barnett Rubin, an Afghanistan expert at New York University.

At Kabul’s hospitals, anguished parents railed against the Afghan government.

“Where is the security?” cried Mirwais, a father of four who knew that two of his children had been killed. Before heading to another hospital to search for his other two children, he shouted obscenities at Karzai.

Moments later, a woman ran outside screaming, crying and hitting her face with both hands. Her son and daughter had been killed. “Oh my God!” the woman screamed. “They are both dead!”

Six police officers and three embassy guards were among the dead.

In New Delhi, India’s foreign minister said four Indians, including the military attache and a diplomat, were killed.

The blast also killed five Afghan security guards at the nearby Indonesian Embassy, where windows were shattered and doors and gates broken. Two diplomats were slightly wounded, Indonesia’s foreign ministry said.

In Washington, the White House offered condolences to the victims.

“Extremists continue to show their disregard for all human life and their willingness to kill fellow Muslims as well as others,” said Gordon Johndroe, a White House national security spokesman. “The United States stands with the people of Afghanistan and India as we face this common enemy.”

Afghanistan has seen a sharp rise in violence from Taliban militants in recent months. Insurgents are packing bombs with more explosives than ever, one reason why more U.S. and NATO troops were killed in June than any month since the 2001 invasion.

Still, no one claimed responsibility for the blast, and a Taliban spokesman, Zabiullah Mujahid, denied the militants were behind it. The Taliban tend to claim responsibility for attacks against international or Afghan troops and deny responsibility for bombs that primarily kill civilians.

“Whenever we do a suicide attack, we confirm it,” Mujahid said. “The Taliban did not do this one.”

The explosion was the deadliest in Afghanistan since a suicide bomber killed more than 100 people at a dog fighting competition in Kandahar in February.

The Indian embassy in the last several days had beefed up security by installing large, dirt-filled blast walls often used by military forces.

The Indian Ministry of External Affairs said the attack would not deter its country’s mission to fulfill “our commitments to the government and people of Afghanistan.”

Pakistan views with suspicion India’s involvement in Afghanistan, including the millions of dollars donated for reconstruction and the thousands of Indian engineers and laborers helping to build roads and other infrastructure.

Pakistanis are also wary of Indian consulates that have been established in the outlying cities of Kandahar, Jalalabad, Herat, and Mazar-i-Sharif. But Indian officials say they are there to support reconstruction. Militants have frequently attacked Indian offices and projects around Afghanistan.

Ikram Sehgal, a political analyst in Pakistan, said he doubts Pakistan’s intelligence service was behind the attack. He instead blamed Pashtuns — the largest of Afghan ethnic groups that also forms the core of the Taliban insurgency.

“The Indians were asking for it,” Sehgal said. “They have set up so many consulates along the border,” Sehgal said.

“It was question of time. The (Pashtuns) see them as enemies, actually. They had to react to the Indians setting up consulates there.”