SPRINGFIELD, Mass.—Do you use a sock puppet to secretly keep track of your frenemies?

Plan to spend your staycation watching vlogs and webisodes? Or perhaps you plan to signal a flash mob for a quick bite of shawarma.

If you’re not entirely certain what all that means, turn to the latest edition of the Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, which has added about 100 new words that largely reflect changing trends in American society.

There are words such as locavore (one who eats foods grown locally), frenemy (someone who acts like a friend but is really an enemy), waterboarding (an interrogation technique use to induce the sensation of drowning), vlogs (a blog that contains video material) and webisode (a TV show that can be viewed at a Website).

There’s also flash mob (a group of people summoned electronically to a designated spot at a specified time to perform an indicated action before dispersing) and green-collar (involving actions for protecting the natural environment).

Some words that just now made the cut have been around for generations. The term “sock puppet”—a false online identity used for deceptive purposes—was tracked to 1959 but has taken on new popular use with people using fake IDs on social sites.

Many words have cross-cultural roots, including shawarma (a sandwich especially of sliced lamb or chicken, vegetables, and often tahini wrapped in pita bread) and reggaeton (music that combines rap and Caribbean rhythms).



Once words like these become so common that they regularly pop up in conversations and published articles, Morse said they pass muster for being included in the dictionary.

Some words, such as “staycation,” have become so popular the dictionary could not ignore them, Morse said. Staycation refers to staying home for vacation and has gained popularity as the economy worsens.

But Morse said some words face years in limbo as wordsmiths wait to see if they are just fads.

Dave Wilton, author of “Word Myths: Debunking Linguistic Urban Legends,” said it’s difficult to draw conclusions about trends in society with just a handful of new words.

“It’s also an editorial decision and reflects what the (dictionary) editors deemed important that year,” Wilton said. “Most of these words have been around for a while but for some reason they grabbed the attention of editors this time.”

Researchers often keep track of words over many years. One to watch: prepone.

The word is commonly used in India among English-speaking Indians and refers to the act of arranging for an event to take place earlier than originally planned — the opposite of postpone.

“Prepone didn’t make it this time,” Morse said. “But we know about it.”

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On the Net:

Dictionary: http://www.Merriam-Webster.com