Transactions



BASEBALL

American League

DETROIT TIGERS—Placed RHP Jeremy Bonderman on the 15-day DL.

TORONTO BLUE JAYS—Activated OF Vernon Wells and INF John McDonald from the 15-day DL. Recalled RHP Brian Wolfe from Syracuse (IL). Placed 2B Aaron Hill on the 15-day DL, retroactive to May 30. Designated RHP Armando Benitez for assignment. Optioned INF Joe Inglett to Syracuse.

National League

COLORADO ROCKIES—Activated RHP Luis Vizcaino from the 15-day DL. Optioned LHP Glendon Rusch to Colorado Springs (PCL).

American Association

ST. PAUL SAINTS—Announced the retirement of INF Brian Sprout and LHP Brian Whinnery.

BASKETBALL

National Basketball Association

PHOENIX SUNS—Named Terry Porter coach.

FOOTBALL

Canadian Football League

WINNIPEG BLUE BOMBERS—Released P Darryl Wheeler. Signed K Alexis Sterna.

COLLEGE

MISSISSIPPI STATE—Named John Cohen baseball coach.

WESTERN MICHIGAN—Signed Steve Hawkins, men’s basketball coach, to a five-year contract.



Basketball



NBA finals



Boston vs. L.A. Lakers

Thursday, June 5: Boston 98, L.A. Lakers 88, Boston leads series 1-0

Sunday, June 8: L.A. Lakers at Boston, 8 p.m.

Tuesday, June 10: Boston at L.A. Lakers, 8 p.m.

Thursday, June 12: Boston at L.A. Lakers, 8 p.m.

Sunday, June 15: Boston at L.A. Lakers, 8 p.m., if necessary

Tuesday, June 17: L.A. Lakers at Boston, 8 p.m., if necessary

Thursday, June 19: L.A. Lakers at Boston, 8 p.m., if necessary



Baseball



UIL state tournaments



Results and pairings for the UIL state baseball tournament scheduled for Wednesday-Saturday in Round Rock and Austin:

Wednesday, June 4

At Disch-Falk Field, Austin

Class 3A semifinals

Texarkana Pleasant Grove 7, Castroville Medina Valley 3

Snyder 7, Hutto 5

At Dell Diamond, Round Rock

Class 2A semifinals

Salado 11, San Angelo Grape Creek 0

Corsicana Mildred 7, Buna 5

Class 4A semifinals

Corpus Christi Calallen 7, Friendswood 1

Waxahachie 6, North Richland Hills Birdville 0

Thursday, June 5

At Disch-Falk Field, Austin

Class 3A Final

Snyder 3, Texarkana Pleasant Grove 2, 8 innings

At Dell Diamond, Round Rock

Class 2A final

Salado 12, Corsicana Mildred 8

Class 4A final

Corpus Christi Calallen 11, Waxahachie 1

Friday, June 6

At Dell Diamond, Round Rock

Class 1A semifinals

Flatonia 12, Seymour 0

Bosqueville 18, Pineland West Sabine 2

Class 5A semifinals

Plano West 11, Laredo United 4

Southlake Carroll 7, Houston Bellaire 1

Saturday, June 7

At Dell Diamond, Round Rock

Class 5A final

Plano West 10, Southlake Carroll 8

Class 1A final

Bosqueville 10, Flatonia 3



ML standings



AMERICAN LEAGUE

East Division

W L Pct GB

Boston 39 26 .600 —

Tampa Bay 36 25 .590 1

Baltimore 31 30 .508 6

Toronto 32 32 .500 6 1/2

New York 31 31 .500 6 1/2

Central Division

W L Pct GB

Chicago 35 26 .574 —

Minnesota 31 31 .500 4 1/2

Cleveland 28 34 .452 7 1/2

Detroit 25 36 .410 10

Kansas City 24 38 .387 11 1/2

West Division

W L Pct GB

Los Angeles 38 24 .613 —

Oakland 33 28 .541 4 1/2

Texas 31 32 .492 7 1/2

Seattle 22 40 .355 16

Friday’s Games

Seattle 8, Boston 0

Cleveland 4, Detroit 2

Kansas City 2, N.Y. Yankees 1

Baltimore 6, Toronto 5

Tampa Bay 12, Texas 4

Chicago White Sox 10, Minnesota 6

L.A. Angels 3, Oakland 1

Saturday’s Games

N.Y. Yankees 12, Kansas City 11

Baltimore 9, Toronto 5

Boston 11, Seattle 3

Detroit 8, Cleveland 4

Chicago White Sox 11, Minnesota 2

Tampa Bay at Texas, (n)

L.A. Angels at Oakland, (n)

Today’s Games

Cleveland (Sowers 0-0) at Detroit (Galarraga 4-2), 12:05 p.m.

Kansas City (Greinke 5-3) at N.Y. Yankees (Chamberlain 1-2), 12:05 p.m.

Baltimore (Liz 1-0) at Toronto (Halladay 7-5), 12:07 p.m.

Seattle (Bedard 4-4) at Boston (Masterson 2-0), 12:35 p.m.

Minnesota (Slowey 2-5) at Chicago White Sox (G.Floyd 6-3), 1:05 p.m.

L.A. Angels (E.Santana 8-2) at Oakland (Harden 3-0), 3:05 p.m.

Tampa Bay (Garza 4-2) at Texas (Mathis 1-1), 4:05 p.m.



NATIONAL LEAGUE

East Division

W L Pct GB

Philadelphia 37 26 .587 —

Florida 32 28 .533 3 1/2

Atlanta 32 30 .516 4 1/2

New York 30 30 .500 5 1/2

Washington 25 37 .403 11 1/2

Central Division

W L Pct GB

Chicago 39 24 .619 —

St. Louis 36 27 .571 3

Milwaukee 32 29 .525 6

Houston 32 30 .516 6 1/2

Cincinnati 30 32 .484 8 1/2

Pittsburgh 29 33 .468 9 1/2

West Division

W L Pct GB

Arizona 34 28 .548 —

Los Angeles 30 32 .484 4

San Francisco 26 35 .426 7 1/2

San Diego 26 37 .413 8 1/2

Colorado 23 38 .377 10 1/2

Friday’s Games

Arizona 3, Pittsburgh 1

Cincinnati 11, Florida 3

Philadelphia 4, Atlanta 3, 10 innings

San Francisco 10, Washington 1

Houston 6, St. Louis 1

Colorado 6, Milwaukee 4

San Diego 2, N.Y. Mets 1

L.A. Dodgers 3, Chicago Cubs 0

Saturday’s Games

L.A. Dodgers 7, Chicago Cubs 3

Arizona 4, Pittsburgh 3

San Francisco 6, Washington 0

St. Louis at Houston, (n)

Cincinnati at Florida, (n)

Philadelphia at Atlanta, (n)

Milwaukee at Colorado, (n)

N.Y. Mets at San Diego, (n)

Today’s Games

Cincinnati (Harang 2-8) at Florida (Badenhop 1-3), 12:10 p.m.

Philadelphia (Eaton 2-3) at Atlanta (Campillo 2-0), 12:35 p.m.

Arizona (Davis 2-2) at Pittsburgh (Dumatrait 2-3), 12:35 p.m.

San Francisco (Zito 1-9) at Washington (Mock 0-0), 12:35 p.m.

St. Louis (Lohse 6-2) at Houston (Rodriguez 2-1), 1:05 p.m.

Milwaukee (Suppan 3-4) at Colorado (Francis 2-5), 2:05 p.m.

N.Y. Mets (Martinez 1-0) at San Diego (Ledezma 0-2), 3:05 p.m.

Chicago Cubs (Marquis 3-3) at L.A. Dodgers (Penny 5-7), 7:05 p.m.



Boxscores



AMERICAN LEAGUE

Tigers 8, Indians 4

CLEVELAND DETROIT

ab r h bi ab r h bi

Szmore cf 4 0 2 0 Rnteria ss 4 1 3 4

JCrroll 2b 5 0 0 0 Planco 2b 5 0 0 0

BFrnco lf 4 1 1 0 Thmes lf 4 1 2 1

Garko dh 3 0 0 1 Grndrs cf 0 0 0 0

Peralta ss 4 1 1 0 Ordnez dh 3 2 2 0

Blake 1b 2 2 2 0 MiCabr 1b 4 1 1 1

FGtrrz rf 2 0 0 0 CGuilln 3b 4 2 2 2

Dllucci ph 1 0 0 0 Clevlen cf 2 0 0 0

Shppch c 3 0 1 1 Inge c 2 1 1 0

VMrtnz ph 1 0 0 0 Raburn rf 4 0 0 0

AMarte 3b 3 0 0 0

Choo ph 1 0 1 1

Totals 33 4 8 3 Totals 32 8 11 8

Cleveland 020 001 001 — 4

Detroit 000 200 06x — 8

E—MiCabrera (8), Rogers (1). DP—Cleveland 1, Detroit 2. LOB—Cleveland 7, Detroit 6. 2B—Blake (14), Shoppach (4), Ordonez (16). HR—Renteria (5), Thames (6), CGuillen (6). S—Clevlen, Inge. SF—Garko.

IP H R ER BB SO

Cleveland

Laffey 6 2-3 6 2 2 2 2

Kobayashi L,3-3 1-3 2 2 2 1 0

RBetancourt 1 3 4 4 1 1

Detroit

Rogers 7 5 3 1 2 3

Miner W,3-3 1 2-3 3 1 1 0 0

TJones S,9 1-3 0 0 0 0 0

Kobayashi pitched to 2 batters in the 8th. HBP—by Rogers (FGutierrez), by Rogers (Blake). WP—Kobayashi. T—2:45. A—42,193 (41,070).



Red Sox 11, Mariners 3

SEATTLE BOSTON

ab r h bi ab r h bi

ISuzuki cf 4 1 3 0 Crisp cf 5 0 2 1

JoLpez 2b 3 0 0 0 Lugo ss 3 1 1 0

Ibanez lf 4 0 1 2 JDrew rf 5 3 3 2

Beltre 3b 3 0 0 0 MRmrz dh 2 2 1 2

Vidro dh 3 0 0 0 Ellsbry dh 0 1 0 0

Blmqist ph 1 1 0 0 Casey 1b 4 0 1 0

Sexson 1b 3 0 0 0 Lowell 3b 1 1 1 2

Cairo ph 1 0 1 1 Yukilis 3b 5 0 2 2

Blntien rf 4 0 0 0 Moss lf 3 1 0 0

Jhjima c 3 0 1 0 Cash c 4 0 0 0

Reed ph 1 0 0 0 Cora 2b 4 2 2 1

YBncrt ss 4 1 1 0

Totals 34 3 7 3 Totals 36 11 13 10

Seattle 002 000 001 — 3

Boston 200 211 05x — 11

E—Youkilis (2). DP—Boston 1. LOB—Seattle 6, Boston 9. 2B—Ibanez (16), Lowell (14), Youkilis (17), Cora (2). 3B—JDrew (1). HR—JDrew (7), MRamirez (14). SB—ISuzuki (26), Crisp 2 (10). S—Lugo.

IP H R ER BB SO

Seattle

Batista L,3-7 4 1-3 6 5 4 6 1

Dickey 2 2-3 2 1 1 0 2

MLowe 1-3 4 5 5 1 0

Rowlnd-Smith 2-3 1 0 0 0 1

Boston

Wakefield W,4-4 7 5 2 2 2 6

Hansen 1 1 0 0 0 0

Papelbon 1 1 1 0 0 2

PB—Johjima. T—2:45. A—37,443 (36,984).



White Sox 11, Twins 2

MINNESOTA CHICAGO

ab r h bi ab r h bi

CaGmz cf 5 0 2 0 OCabra ss 4 0 1 2

ACslla 2b 4 0 1 0 Ozuna 2b 1 0 0 0

Rdmnd c 4 0 2 0 Przyns c 5 0 1 0

Mrneau 1b 4 0 0 0 Quentin lf 5 0 0 0

Cddyer rf 4 0 0 0 Knerko 1b 4 1 2 0

Monroe dh 3 1 1 0 Thome dh 3 1 1 1

DYong lf 4 1 1 1 Dye rf 2 2 2 0

BHarrs ss 4 0 1 1 BAndsn cf 1 1 1 0

Macri 3b 4 0 2 0 Swisher cf 4 3 3 1

Crede 3b 4 2 2 6

AlRmrz 2b 3 1 3 1

Totals 36 2 10 2 Totals 36 11 16 11

Minnesota 000 000 101 — 2

Chicago 040 300 04x — 11

E—Cuddyer (2). DP—Minnesota 2. LOB—Minnesota 8, Chicago 4. 2B—OCabrera (10), Swisher (7). 3B—Konerko (1). HR—DYoung (1), Crede 2 (14). CS—CaGomez (7). SF—Thome.

IP H R ER BB SO

Minnesota

LiHndz L,6-3 4 8 7 7 1 2

Bonser 3 8 4 4 1 1

Guerrier 1 0 0 0 0 1

Chicago

Buehrle W,3-6 8 7 1 1 1 4

Masset 1 3 1 1 0 0

Bonser pitched to 5 batters in the 8th. T—2:16. A—32,930 (40,615).



Yankees 12, Royals 11

KANSAS CITY NEW YORK

ab r h bi ab r h bi

Dejesus lf 4 2 2 1 Damon lf 6 1 6 4

Aviles ss 4 2 1 1 Jeter ss 4 0 1 0

Teahen 1b 4 2 1 0 BAbreu rf 5 1 1 0

JGuilln rf 4 2 3 7 ARdrgz 3b 4 2 2 2

Gload 1b 1 0 0 0 Giambi dh 4 2 2 2

Olivo dh 4 0 0 0 Posada c 4 2 2 2

JBuck c 3 0 1 1 Cano 2b 5 2 2 1

Cllaspo 2b 4 1 2 0 Btemit 1b 3 1 0 1

EGrmn 3b 4 1 1 0 MlCbra cf 5 1 3 0

Pna Jr. ss 0 0 0 0

Gthrght cf 4 1 1 1

Totals 36 11 12 11 Totals 40 12 19 12

Kansas City 203 000 501 — 11

New York 100 410 222 — 12

Two outs when winning run scored.

DP—Kansas City 2, New York 1. LOB—Kansas City 2, New York 8. 2B—Teahen (9), Callaspo (2), Damon (19), Posada (7). 3B—Aviles (1). HR—Dejesus (5), JGuillen 2 (9), ARodriguez (9), Giambi (13), Posada (2). SB—Callaspo (1), Damon (10). S—Dejesus, Jeter. SF—Betemit.

IP H R ER BB SO

Kansas City

Bannister 3 1-3 8 5 5 2 1

Peralta 1 1-3 1 1 1 1 1

Tomko 1 2-3 3 2 2 0 0

RRamirez 1 3 2 2 0 2

Gobble 1-3 1 0 0 0 0

Yabuta 1-3 0 0 0 0 0

Soria L,0-1 2-3 3 2 2 1 0

New York

Pettitte 6 2-3 10 10 10 2 3

Veras 1 1-3 1 0 0 0 2

MRivera W,2-1 1 1 1 1 0 1

HBP—by Pettitte (Teahen). WP—RRamirez. T—3:50. A—53,611 (56,936).



Orioles 9, Blue Jays 5

BALTIMORE TORONTO

ab r h bi ab r h bi

BRbrts 2b 3 1 2 1 SStwart lf 1 0 0 0

AJones cf 4 0 0 0 VWells cf 3 0 2 1

Mrkkis rf 5 1 3 1 Scutaro 2b 4 1 1 1

Huff 3b 3 1 0 0 Rios cf 3 0 1 1

Millar 1b 3 2 2 1 Thigpn c 2 0 1 0

Bynum ss 1 0 0 0 Rolen 3b 2 0 0 0

Scott dh 5 2 2 0 McDnld 3b 2 0 0 0

Payton lf 5 1 3 5 Stairs dh 4 1 2 0

Quiroz c 5 1 1 1 Ovrbay 1b 4 1 1 0

Cintron ss 5 0 1 0 Brajas c 2 0 0 0

Mench rf 2 1 1 2

Wlkrsn rf 3 1 0 0

Eckstin ss 3 0 1 0

Totals 39 9 14 9 Totals 35 5 10 5

Baltimore 102 051 000 — 9

Toronto 100 000 004 — 5

E—Bynum (2), Burnett (3). DP—Baltimore 1. LOB—Baltimore 9, Toronto 7. 2B—BRoberts (18), Markakis 2 (14), Scott (13), Payton (4), Quiroz (2), VWells (6), Scutaro (6), Mench (2). SB—BRoberts (18), Stairs (1). CS—Rios (4). S—AJones. SF—BRoberts, VWells.

IP H R ER BB SO

Baltimore

Guthrie W,3-6 7 6 1 1 0 6

Trachsel 1 4 4 2 2 0

Sarfate 1 0 0 0 1 1

Toronto

Burnett L,5-6 4 1-3 10 8 8 4 5

Wolfe 1 2-3 2 1 1 0 0

Frasor 1 1 0 0 0 1

Tallet 1 1 0 0 0 0

Camp 1 0 0 0 0 1

Trachsel pitched to 4 batters in the 9th. WP—Trachsel. T—2:57. A—25,122 (49,539).



NATIONAL LEAGUE

Dodgers 7, Cubs 3

CHICAGO LOS ANGELES

ab r h bi ab r h bi

ASrano lf 4 1 1 1 Pierre lf 5 1 2 0

Theriot ss 4 0 0 0 Ethier rf 4 1 2 0

DLee 1b 4 0 1 0 Kent 2b 4 1 2 0

ArRmz 3b 3 0 0 0 Brxton p 0 0 0 0

Fkdme rf 3 1 0 0 Saito p 0 0 0 0

Soto c 3 0 1 0 Martin c 4 2 3 3

Fntenot 2b 3 1 1 0 Loney 1b 4 1 1 0

ReJnsn cf 4 0 1 1 Kemp cf 4 1 2 3

Zmbrno p 3 0 1 1 Dewitt 3b 3 0 1 0

Cotts p 0 0 0 0 Hu ss 4 0 0 0

Edmnd ph 1 0 0 0 DLowe p 2 0 0 0

DeYng ph 1 0 0 0

Maza 2b 1 0 0 0

Totals 32 3 6 3 Totals 36 7 13 6

Chicago 000 011 100 — 3

Los Angeles 000 002 50x — 7

E—ArRamirez (5). DP—Chicago 1. LOB—Chicago 6, Los Angeles 6. 2B—Fontenot (7). HR—ASoriano (15), Martin (5), Kemp (5). SB—Pierre (22), Martin (5), Kemp (11). S—Fontenot.

IP H R ER BB SO

Chicago

Zambrano L,8-2 6 2-3 13 7 7 1 6

Cotts 1 1-3 0 0 0 0 1

Los Angeles

DLowe W,4-5 7 6 3 3 2 4

Broxton 1 0 0 0 1 0

Saito 1 0 0 0 0 3

T—2:29. A—50,020 (56,000).



Diamondbacks 4, Pirates 3

ARIZONA PITTSBURGH

ab r h bi ab r h bi

CBurke lf 4 1 0 0 McLuth cf 4 1 2 2

SDrew ss 3 0 1 0 FSnchz 2b 4 0 0 0

OHudsn 2b 2 1 0 0 Bay lf 4 1 1 1

CJkson 1b 4 1 1 1 Doumit c 4 0 1 0

Young cf 4 0 2 1 Rivas pr 0 0 0 0

Rynlds 3b 3 0 0 1 Mchels rf 4 0 0 0

JCruz p 0 0 0 0 Mntkw 3b 3 0 1 0

Lyon p 0 0 0 0 AdLrch 1b 3 1 1 0

CSnydr c 4 1 1 1 JaWlsn ss 3 0 0 0

Upton rf 4 0 0 0 Grzlny p 1 0 0 0

Haren p 3 0 1 0 Nady ph 1 0 0 0

Ojeda 3b 1 0 0 0 Grabow p 0 0 0 0

Totals 32 4 6 4 Totals 31 3 6 3

Arizona 300 000 001 — 4

Pittsburgh 001 110 000 — 3

E—Mientkiewicz 2 (5). DP—Pittsburgh 1. LOB—Arizona 6, Pittsburgh 4. 2B—Young 2 (15), Haren (3), McLouth (19), Mientkiewicz (6), AdLaRoche (12). HR—CSnyder (6), McLouth (14), Bay (14). CS—Rivas (1). S—SDrew, Gorzelanny. SF—Reynolds.

IP H R ER BB SO

Arizona

Haren 7 5 3 3 1 6

JCruz W,2-0 1 0 0 0 0 1

Lyon S,14 1 1 0 0 1 0

Pittsburgh

Gorzelanny 7 5 3 3 3 1

Grabow L,4-2 2 1 1 1 0 0

PB—CSnyder. T—2:22. A—20,967 (38,362).



Giants 6, Nationals 0

SAN FRAN WASHINGTON

ab r h bi ab r h bi

FLewis cf 5 0 0 0 CGzmn ss 4 0 1 0

JCstillo 3b 5 1 2 0 Dukes rf 3 0 0 0

Winn rf 5 1 1 0 Mlldge cf 4 0 1 0

BMolna c 5 1 2 1 Boone 1b 4 0 1 0

Drham 2b 3 1 0 0 Flores c 4 0 1 0

Burriss 2b 0 0 0 0 Casto 3b 3 0 0 0

Aurilia 1b 4 1 3 1 FLopez 2b 2 0 0 0

Bowker lf 4 1 1 4 Ayala p 0 0 0 0

Vizquel ss 3 0 1 0 Hnrhan p 0 0 0 0

JSnchz p 3 0 0 0 WPena lf 3 0 0 0

Denker ph 0 0 0 0 SHill p 1 0 0 0

TWlker p 0 0 0 0 WHarrs 2b 0 0 0 0

Misch p 0 0 0 0

Totals 37 6 10 6 Totals 28 0 4 0

San Francisco 000 000 060 — 6

Washington 000 000 000 — 0

DP—San Francisco 3. LOB—San Francisco 7, Washington 5. 2B—Winn (19), Aurilia (8). HR—Bowker (5).

IP H R ER BB SO

San Francisco

JSanchez W,5-3 7 4 0 0 2 4

TWalker 1 0 0 0 1 0

Misch 1 0 0 0 0 0

Washington

SHill L,0-3 7 1-3 7 2 2 1 2

Ayala 2-3 3 4 4 2 0

Hanrahan 1 0 0 0 0 1

HBP—by JSanchez (Dukes). WP—JSanchez. T—2:19. A—30,652 (41,888).



NCAA Super Regionals



(Best-of-3)

At USA Baseball National Training Complex

Cary, N.C.

Saturday, June 7: North Carolina 9, Coastal Carolina 4, North Carolina leads series 1-0

Sunday, June 8: Coastal Carolina (50-13) at North Carolina (50-12), noon

Monday, June 9: Coastal Carolina at North Carolina, 11:30 or 6 p.m., if necessary

At Foley Field

Athens, Ga.

Friday, June 6: Georgia 11, N.C. State 4

Saturday, June 7: N.C. State 10, Georgia 6, series tied 1-1

Sunday, June 8: N.C. State (42-21) at Georgia (40-23-1), 3 p.m.

At Mark Light Stadium

Coral Gables, Fla.

Friday, June 6: Arizona 6, Miami 3, 11 innings, Arizona leads series 1-0

Saturday, June 7: Arizona (42-17) at Miami (50-9), (n)

Sunday, June 8: Arizona at Miami, 6 p.m., if necessary

At Dick Howser Stadium

Tallahassee, Fla.

Friday, June 6: Wichita State 10, Florida State 7

Saturday, June 7: Florida State 14, Wichita State 4, series tied 1-1

Sunday, June 8: Wichita State (48-16) at Florida State (53-12), noon

At Alex Box Stadium

Baton Rouge, La.

Saturday, June 7: UC Irvine 11, LSU 5, UC Irvine leads series 1-0

Sunday, June 8: UC Irvine (42-16) at LSU (46-17-1), 3 p.m.

Monday, June 9: UC Irvine at LSU, 6 p.m., if necessary

At Reckling Park

Houston

Saturday, June 7: Rice 9, Texas A&M 7, Rice leads series 1-0

Sunday, June 8: Texas A&M (46-18) at Rice (46-13), 6 p.m.

Monday, June 9: Texas A&M at Rice, 11:30 or 6 p.m., if necessary

At Packard Stadium

Tempe, Ariz.

Saturday, June 7: Fresno State (40-28) at Arizona State (48-11), (n)

Sunday, June 8: Fresno State at Arizona State, 9 p.m.

Monday, June 9: Fresno State at Arizona State, 6 p.m., if necessary

At Goodwin Field

Fullerton, Calif.

Friday, June 6: Stanford 4, Cal State-Fullerton 3, Stanford leads series 1-0

Saturday, June 7: Stanford (38-22-2) at Cal State-Fullerton (41-21), (n)

Sunday, June 8: Stanford at Cal State-Fullerton, 6 p.m., if necessary