DENVER—A designer drug it most certainly is not.

Bumetanide, the diuretic that a handful of NFL players allegedly have been using, has been on the lengthy list of drugs banned from sports for decades.

Banned for so long, in fact, that when news of the doping cases broke, a handful of the nation’s top anti-doping experts were sent scrambling to their dusty archives and the Internet for quick refreshers on exactly how the drug works. Once they were reminded, they couldn’t help but wonder how a substance so easy to detect and dangerous if misused could wind up in the syste...

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