ech companies were the darlings of the pandemic economy.
Now, with skyrocketing inflation, rising interest rates, a war in Europe and uncertainty in China, the biggest tech behemoths are dragging down the stock market, while Silicon Valley start-ups are laying off employees - a dramatic downturn for an industry considered a barometer for the global economy.
The collapse has affected even the most dependable bulwarks. Apple, despite record revenue, went from being worth $3 trillion in January to $2.5 trillion Monday. Microsoft, Amazon, Tesla and Alphabet have all lost more than 20% of their value this year. Netflix has lost 70%.
Facebook, which is down 40% this year, told its employees recently it would freeze hiring, which in the tech industry will mean an all-but-certain drop in overall head count. Private start-ups, sheltered from the stock market, have also felt the pain, with 29 companies laying off employees since the beginning of April, according to Layoffs.fyi, which tracks layoffs in the tech industry.
That includes Robinhood, the financial services company; Cameo, the app that lets users pay for personalized videos from their favorite celebrities; and On Deck, a Silicon Valley darling that helps tech talent start companies, secure funding or find jobs.
This is a major turn for the tech industry, which for more than a decade has defied gravity, continuing to expand beyond what even the industry's biggest fans thought was possible. Now, with an economy stretched by the global pandemic and jostled by war, the once largely immune tech industry may have found its match.
"There's a lot of factors, a lot of headwinds that have people worried," said Greg Martin, co-founder of Rainmaker Securities, which facilitates trading of privately held technology companies' shares. "I've been doing this since the late '90s. I've seen patterns like this. This feels very different."
Andrea Beasley, spokeswoman for Meta-owned Facebook, said that it is slowing its talent pipeline according to its business needs. In a statement, Cameo CEO Steven Galanis wrote that the company's workforce grew from 100 to 400 during the pandemic, and described the decision was a "painful but necessary course correction."
In a blog post, Robinhood CEO and co-founder Vlad Tenev wrote that the company's headcount grew from 700 to 3,800 during a period of hyper growth accelerated by pandemic lockdowns, low interest rates, and fiscal stimulus, leading to duplicate jobs.
The other companies did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
The Nasdaq's pain continued Tuesday, with the tech-heavy index rebounding 2% in the morning before reversing course and turning negative. The oscilliation comes after it racked up a dizzying 4% decline to kick off the week. In April, the Nasdaq notched its worst month since 2008.
After touching an all-time low Monday, Peloton's shares slumped more than 15% after the company reported a $757 million loss last quarter and its first year-over-year decline in revenue. Its stock is now down nearly 66% year-to-date.
During the dot-com bust in 2000, highflying Silicon Valley companies buoyed by overhyped stocks disintegrated overnight. The impact was so immediate and dramatic that Bay Area traffic thinned out and parking was easier to find.
By 2004, the industry found its footing again. Companies such as Facebook set up shop, and soon the industry was booming. Despite a global financial crisis and speculation of another bubble burst, the trajectories of companies such as Facebook and Google stayed on course. Then came Uber, Airbnb and Twitter, all of which faced skepticism about their lofty valuations before going public.
For more than a decade, some investors have wondered whether a crash reminiscent of 2000 was coming. But it hasn't materialized, even as the coronavirus shut the world down.
So far, that's in large part because today's tech industry looks different from the one in 2000.
It's more global, with major companies spread out across the United States, Europe and Asia. Investors now include not just storied venture capital firms such as Sequoia and Benchmark Capital, but major players in the financial markets, like Tiger Global, which earlier this year committed $1 billion for early-stage tech start-ups.
Companies such as Uber and WeWork were funded in part by money from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia via the Japanese firm SoftBank. According to the National Venture Capital Association, 2021 alone attracted 17,000 venture capital deals, worth a record $330 billion.
And while investors may think the stock price for incredibly valuable companies including Apple, Amazon, Facebook and Google could be overpriced, they have built sprawling and largely profitable businesses.
Still, Amazon recently reported a surprising loss and said its warehouses were overstaffed. And shareholders' demand to see profitability - and distrust in the business model for the once-bullish ride-sharing sector - was the theme of Uber CEO Dara Khosrowshahi's recent email to employees.
"The average employee at Uber is barely over 30, which means you've spent your career in a long and unprecedented bull run. This next period will be different," he wrote, according to media reports.
Still, the downturn affecting the technology industry today is showing no signs of turning catastrophic yet.
"I had a conversation today with an early-stage investor and none of us had any data yet showing there are fewer companies being started because of this," said Beezer Clarkson, a partner at Sapphire Partners who invests in early-stage venture capital firms. "That would be a very worrisome sign if people were choosing not to innovate or start companies, so it's something we are continuing to watch closely," she said.
Venture capital investors, some of whom spoke with The Washington Post on the condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of their investments, said the downturn isn't affecting their investment strategies.
But they said start-ups needed to pay attention to their "burn rate," Silicon Valley lingo for the amount of investment capital they are spending, because it may become more difficult to raise more funding rounds. Because most early-stage start-ups lose money, the amount they "burn" determines how long they can survive between funding rounds, known as "runway."
Rather than pull back on investing in start-ups, Clarkson said, investors are saying they're looking at companies more critically, asking them to use their funding more efficiently. "You can make the argument that's not necessarily terrible. Looking at metrics should not be a negative."
Tod Francis, co-founder of venture firm Shasta Ventures, said it was easy for start-ups to raise capital in recent years and the markets valued growth over profitability. Start-ups responded by hiring aggressively. He said he expects companies to adjust to the market turmoil by reducing areas that aren't as essential, such as marketing. "Investors will be putting more value in business models and capital efficiency," Francis said.
Some Silicon Valley entrepreneurs and investors are skeptical that anything serious is amiss.
"Hiring got really out of control and work didn't really change in a meaningful way during covid, so I wonder how much of this is big companies using the macro softness to clean house," said Sarah Kunst, founder of venture firm Cleo Capital.
On ZipRecruiter, a job listing site, the number of active job postings in the tech industry has increased between January and April for all available jobs, including project management and software development, said the company's lead economist, Sinem Buber.
Still, fears about layoffs are ricocheting across Blind, the anonymous messaging app popular with tech employees, where thousands of users voted in a poll asking which tech company would cut jobs next. Facebook parent company Meta has frozen hiring for mid-level and junior engineers, a current employee who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss sensitive matters told The Post. And internal communication shared with the paper said that because fewer recruiters would be needed, some upcoming recruiter contractor engagements were being canceled.