Marinating is a terrific basic kitchen technique. Essentially, you can take any kind of meat, fish or seafood, or even vegetables or soy products, submerge them in a marinade, and you've turned a plain something into a great dinner.
Marinades add flavor - what kind obviously depends on the ingredients and seasonings. You can make (or buy!) anything from a Mediterranean herb- and citrus-centered marinade to a ginger- and soy-based Asian marinade to an Indian, spice-infused yogurt marinade.
Marinades also can make foods more tender. But how long do you marinate chicken? Pork chops? Vegetable kebabs? Tofu?
Here's a primer on all things marinade.
Some general guidelines
for marinating success:
1. The thinner the food, and the less dense it is, the less time it needs in the marinade.
2. The more acid (citrus juice, vinegars) there is in the marinade, the less time the food should marinate. Acidic ingredients can start to "cook" the food and change its texture (for example, making it mushy).
3. Unless you are marinating food for 20 minutes or less, or the food you are marinating is a non-meat item like vegetables, make sure you put it in the refrigerator, especially if your kitchen is warm.
Using a Marinade as a Sauce
1. If you want to use some of the marinade as a sauce, separate it from the rest of the marinade before adding your raw protein.
2. For food safety, never reuse a leftover marinade or serve it as a sauce; it can contain harmful bacteria. If you're using the marinade to baste, stop basting with it well before the food is cooked, so any raw meat, fish or poultry juices in the marinade have time to cook away.
3. More info about safe marinating can be found on foodsafety.gov.
Safety Tips
for Reusing Marinades
1. Don't reuse them, unless the marinade was only used with vegetables (no meat or fish), and even then you should use it within a few days.
2. Some marinades can be boiled after the raw food is taken out, and then they are safe to use. The marinade should come to a rolling boil and a temperature of at least 165 degrees F. Marinades with a lot of sugar in them might burn though, and marinades with a lot of acidity might change in flavor.
Marinating Times
Some guidelines (most recipes will give you specific instructions):
CHICKEN
Whole chicken: 4 to 12 hours
Bone-in pieces: 2 to 6 hours
Boneless pieces: 30 minutes to 2 hours
MEAT
Bigger roasts, such as a chuck roast, leg of lamb, pork shoulder: 2 to 8 hours
Tougher or larger steaks, like strip, T-bone, rib-eye or London broil: 1 to 2 hours
More tender cuts of meat, like sirloin, skirt or flank steak, lamb or pork chops: 30 minutes to 1 hour
FISH AND SEAFOOD
Filets, scallops, shrimp: 15 to 20 minutes
Whole fish, thick fish steaks: 30 minutes
SOY PRODUCTS
Tofu: 30 minutes to 1 hour
Seitan and tempeh: 1 to 6 hours
VEGETABLES
Dense vegetables, such as carrots, squash, potatoes: 1 to 3 hours
Softer vegetables, such as broccoli, zucchini, tomatoes: 30 minutes to 1 hour
Dijon, Garlic and Lemon Marinade
1/2 cup extra virgin olive oil
2 shallots, minced
2 garlic cloves, finely minced
3 lemons, zested and juiced
3 tablespoons Dijon mustard
Kosher salt and freshly ground pepper to taste
1. Put the olive oil, shallots, lemon zest and juice, mustard, and salt and pepper in a salad shaker, bowl or a jar with a lid. Whisk or shake to combine well.
-Katie Workman, TheMom100.com
For more, try these marinade recipes on my blog, themom100.com :
Ginger, Lime and Mint Marinade
Indian Curry Yogurt Marinade
Spicy Sesame Asian Marinade
Jamaican Jerk Style Marinade
And check out https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-safety-charts/safe-minimum-cooking-temperature to see what the safe internal temperatures for all kinds of meats are.
Kitchen Smarts is a monthly column by food writer Katie Workman, author of "Dinner Solved" and "The Mom 100 Cookbook," and creator of themom100.com blog.