John Clem Clarke, a young star during the glory days of the SoHo art scene in the 1960s and '70s and an early practitioner of pop art who went on to keep that aesthetic movement and his Manhattan neighborhood's bohemian spirit alive into the 21st century, died June 5 at a nursing home in Keizer, Oregon. He was 83.
The cause was dementia, his daughter, Trillion Layne, said.
In the 1970s, Clarke earned comparisons to figures now considered modern masters, like Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein and Robert Rauschenberg, for the wit with which he made what critics called "art about art" and for an aesthetic style that incorporated the techniques of industrial mass production.
He became known for reinterpretations of canonical paintings. Using a projector, he broke down images of those paintings into stencils and used sponges or homemade spray-paint cans to paint a canvas. His distorted masterpieces looked blurred or brightened, dilated or flattened.
In the 1960s, he devoted an entire show to reproductions of American painter John Singleton Copley's staid "Portrait of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Mifflin" (1773). In several takes, Clarke washed out the skin pigmentation of the two human figures, rendering the couple in an eerie alabaster hue.
In a series reimagining Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens' 17th-century paintings of the Greek myth "The Judgment of Paris," Clarke replaced the figures with photorealist images of toned, bronzed models who seemed to belong poolside at the Playboy Mansion.
Artforum said in 1970 that Clarke could make a cold, mechanical process result in "delightfully sensuous paintings." In 1979, art critic David L. Shirey wrote in The New York Times that Clarke "magically merges the past and the present." The Museum of Modern Art and the Whitney Museum of American Art both acquired several of his paintings.
Clarke wanted his style to convey the vibrancy he saw in American pop culture. His introduction to art came through comic books and textbooks. When he traveled to Europe as a young man and visited museums, he found that paintings in their original form "weren't really as real as my little pocketbook things that I had been studying for years," he said in a 1972 interview with the Smithsonian Institution.
By using images already familiar from classic works of art, Clarke sought to draw viewers' attention away from the content of his paintings to their form. This was the way the tools of American commercial media, like stencils and airbrushing, could generate artistic expressiveness and beauty.
That sensibility appealed to gallerist Ivan Karp, who helped launch the careers of artists like Warhol and Lichtenstein. When Karp opened one of the first galleries in SoHo, OK Harris, one of his early shows was an exhibition of work by Clarke, who bought a loft upstairs in the same building on West Broadway.
In the '70s, SoHo's ruggedness had a kind of glamour. Clarke gave a large mural to a local bar in exchange for years of free drinks. He invited the downtown artist community to his house in Hancock, New York, for a Fourth of July party and a game of tug of war.
John Clem Clarke was born June 6, 1937, in Bend, Oregon. His parents, Eugene and Wilma (Owen) Clarke, were schoolteachers. John Clarke grew up in a rural area in the Willamette Valley, where the family moved after his father became a farmer raising wheat, rye grass and sheep.